Submission Guidelines Submit Now

Main Sections

1. Title
2. Authors
3. Abstract
4. Keywords
5. Main Body/Text
6. Figures and Tables
7. Data and Software Availability
8. Ethics and Consent
9. Author Contributions
10. Competing Interests
11. Acknowledgments & Funding/Grant Information
12. Supplementary Material
13. Nomenclature (Units, Symbols and Mathematical Scripts)
14. References

Title
The title must be clear and concise so that it clearly reflects the content of the article.

Author Information

• The name(s) of the author(s)
• The affiliation(s) in the format: Department, Institution/University, City, Zip code, State, Country
• Corresponding author(s) has been assigned with Asterisks (*) symbol and an active e-mail address of the corresponding author(s) are provided.
• To expedite indexing and retrieval of authors and for the unique identification, use first names, initials, and last names (e.g., John R. Williams) or first and second name initials, and last names (e.g., J. R. Williams) or first and last name (John Williams)

Please note that author names will be published exactly as they appear on the accepted submission.

Abstract
Please provide a concise, single paragraph abstract of 150-250 words that provide a succinct summary of the article. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.

Keywords
Include relevant keywords (atleast 5) which can be used for indexing purposes and optimize discoverability. Avoid abbreviations and formula for keywords.

Main Body/Text
The format of the main body of the article is flexible, but it should be concise, clear, and structured to facilitate ease of reading and review. The format should align with the type of study being presented.
For most Research Articles, the following standard structure is recommended:

• Introduction
• Methods/Experimental details
• Results & Discussion
• Conclusions

Introduction should justify the purpose of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Kindly refer to journal manuscript submission template. (Hyperlinked with the download word file for template) (Separate word file will be provided).

Figures and Tables

All figures and tables must be cited and discussed in the article text with Arabic numerals in consecutive numerical order. Figure with appropriate caption will be located at the top or bottom of the text following their first citation in the main text. (unless they are equations, which appear in the flow of the text). Text is not wrapped around any of the graphics. When submitting figure files, please be sure to adhere to the journal's standards. All figure files must have a resolution of 300 PPI (pixels per inch) or they will be sent back to you for preliminary edits without review. Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type. No punctuation is to be included after the number. (e.g. Fig. 1 Phase diagram of a shape memory alloy.)

Equations
Equations should be submitted in editable format by using equation editor or MathType and not as image. All the equations may be punctuated and aligned as separate lines and numbered on their right. Authors may use “x” rather than a centre dot, apart from the scalar product of the vectors. “exp” may be used for complicated exponents.

Notations
Notations should be clear and consistent with standard usage.

Results
Results should be presented clearly with all underlying data either in the main body of the manuscript or deposited in a publicly accessible repository in line with our data guidelines. (data guidelines to be formulated) (Separate word file will be provided for data guidelines).

Discussion
The results should be discussed in the context of existing literature, highlighting how they contribute to previous findings. The strengths and weaknesses of the study should be addressed, offering a balanced evaluation of its limitations. Additionally, potential directions for future research should be proposed.

Ethics and Consent
All research must have been conducted within an appropriate ethical framework. For studies involving humans or animals, details of approval by the authors’ institution or an ethics committee must be provided in the Methods section. Please refer to “Ethics” in the journal's Editorial Policies.

Competing Interests
Conflict of interest statement is required for all submitted manuscripts. If no conflicts exist, please state that 'There are no conflicts to declare' under a conflict of interest heading as a section before the reference section. Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.

1. Authors should not recommend reviewers with whom they have a conflict of interest, for example, a close collaborator or colleague.
2. Recommended reviewers should not be at the same institute as any of the authors listed on the manuscript.
3. Institutional email addresses should be provided for recommended reviewers, wherever possible.

Supplementary Materials
To ensure all materials (detailed data and discussions) associated with a manuscript are visible, Fair, and subject to peer review. that are crucial to professional readers can be submitted as supporting information along with the manuscript. The supplementary files are also subject to peer-review process and will be made available on the website along with the manuscript.

Acknowledgments
This section should acknowledge anyone who contributed to the research or the writing of the article but who does not qualify as an author. Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in this section. The names of funding organizations should be written in full. Please clearly state how they contributed. Authors should obtain permission to include the name and affiliation, from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgements section.

Grant information should only be mentioned in the “Acknowledgment” section
Please mention that who funded the work, i.e your employer, a grant funder etc. Funding which is not related or relevant to this specific piece of research, please do not list funding that you have that is not relevant to this specific piece of research. For each funder, please state the funder’s name, the grant number where applicable, and the individual to whom the grant was assigned. If your work was not funded by any grants, please include the section entitled “Grant information” and state: ‘The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work’.

Nomenclature (Units, Symbols and Mathematical Scripts)
Manuscripts that include many symbols may benefit from a nomenclature list, which should define all symbols used in the abstract and main text. If included, the list must cover all symbols in the manuscript, and their definitions should not be repeated in the main text. Nomenclature entries should be listed alphabetically, with capital letters preceding lowercase letters, and organized in the following order: regular letters, Greek letters, numerals, and special symbols. Units of measurement should be included in definitions where relevant. Separate headings may be used to distinguish subscripts and superscripts from regular symbols.

Manuscript Submission Template

To assist authors in preparing their manuscripts in accordance with our journal’s formatting guidelines, we provide a downloadable Manuscript Submission Template. All submissions should adhere to the structure and style outlined in this template to ensure a smooth review and publication process. Please download and use the template when preparing your manuscript.

Download Template